Overview
This course will address analytic frameworks for spatial analysis of social dynamics, ways of modeling spatial relationships, and methods used in locating, recording, and mapping archaeological sites. We will focus on various strategies and techniques for formulating survey plans, interpreting data, and presenting results through work at both the theoretical and applied levels, in the field and the classroom.
I have created a course web page for Archaeological Surveying using the University's new Compass program. You can access the course web page by logging onto the Compass system, which will display all existing web pages for your courses. The log-on page is available at:
http://www.cites.uiuc.edu/edtech/courseware/compass/index.html . Choose Anth. 451 from the display list and you can access the course syllabus, assignments, lecture notes and illustrations, and other online class resources.
Course Requirements and Policies
The course is organized around reading, class presentations, and critical discussions. We will also engage in hands-on training with field surveying equipment and discussion of strategies for conducting fieldwork tasks as efficiently and effectively as possible. Field exercises will be carried out on the campus grounds. Responsibilities for class presentations and leading discussion of the readings will be rotated among class participants. There will also be occasional lectures to offer background on theoretical issues and particular methodological topics. The quality of your course experience will depend in large part on your willingness read thoughtfully and participate actively in class discussions and field exercises. This course will provide you with the opportunity to hone your skills in articulating significant arguments presented within a particular range of archaeological studies. The course also provides a supportive environment in which to practice your skills at written exposition, classroom debate, public presentations, and fieldwork. Thus, this is largely a reading, discussion, and fieldwork course intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with backgrounds in anthropology and archaeology.
Your grade in this course will be based on your performance in completing the following assignments:
1. Lead Discussants (10 percent of course grade). On designated class sessions during Weeks 1-7 of the course, particular seminar participants will be responsible for leading our class discussions on the week's readings. There's no need to prepare visual aids or power point summaries, but rather prepare to speak thoughtfully about the week's readings. You should not simply summarize reading assignments one by one, but rather highlight significant theoretical and methodological themes that emerge in the articles, the manner in which they relate to one another and to previous topics discussed in the course, and their implications for archaeological practice. For example, you should address questions such as: Do the authors' positions agree? Do you find their arguments persuasive? How do they fit (or fail to fit) with other anthropological and archaeological ideas you find helpful or attractive? A key focus of your discussion should be the manner in which abstract theoretical models or particular methodological approaches can actually be implemented in studying the archaeological record. If particular patterns in the archaeological record are discussed and explained in an assigned reading, can you think of other ways to account for them? If particular methodological approaches are taken in an assigned reading, can you see weaknesses and strengths in those methods, or alternative ways one could approach the same subject? In your lead role, also try to offer questions for discussion by other participants in the class.
2. Class Discussion (10 percent of course grade). Those class participants who are not Lead Discussants in a given class session during Weeks 1-7 should also come to class prepared to discuss critically the week's readings.
3. Field Exercise Participation (10 percent of course grade). In Weeks 8, and 10-13 of the course, we will engage in laboratory and field exercises with various techniques of conducting archaeological surveys. Your attendance and thoughtful participation in these exercises will be to your benefit.
4. Short Essay (20 percent of course grade). In Week 8 (March 14) of the course, you will each complete and hand in a 5-6 page introductory essay entitled "Space: My First Frontier" and present a short oral synopsis (5-10 minutes) in class. In writing the essay, you should draw on the assigned readings, class presentations, discussions, and your own insights. This is a first opportunity for you to outline your vision of just what you find interesting in the tasks of developing frameworks for spatial analysis of social dynamics, ways of modeling spatial relationships, and methods used in locating, recording, and mapping archaeological sites. After revision, this short paper should become the introductory section of a longer seminar paper (see below). Absent excusable reasons, the grade for any writing assignment will be reduced if a student submits the completed assignment late (by ten percent for each day it is late).
5. Seminar Paper (40 percent of course grade). During the last three weeks of the course, participants will complete drafts of their seminar paper, which should be 15-20 pages in length for undergraduates or 20-25 pages in length for graduate students. In the seminar paper, you will explore a particular aspect of spatial analysis or archaeological surveying that interests you. Your paper can have a theoretical (e.g., strengths and weaknesses in different regional systems models), methodological (e.g., a research design for conducting a particular form of survey), or substantive focus (e.g., a spatial analysis of social relationships across a particular time period and set of locations). A revised version of your short essay ("Space: My First Frontier") should serve as the conceptual foundation for this effort and as the introductory section of your seminar paper. The focus of the rest of the paper is up to you, but it needs to be cleared in advance with the instructor. An abstract and outline of your seminar paper, with a list of key bibliographic references, is due in class at the beginning of Week 11 (April 4). The final seminar paper is due by 5:00 pm on May 6, 2005, which is the first day of the final examination period as scheduled by the University.
6. Seminar Paper Presentation and Discussion (10 percent of course grade). During the last two to three weeks of the course, each participant will present in class a 15-minute synopsis of the seminar paper. This will be followed by 10-minute evaluation and comment by a designated discussant. Following a response by the author, the floor will be opened to general discussion. Drafts of the seminar paper will be distributed one week before this presentation to all class members, including the designated discussant. These discussions are in the format of a workshop, to provide each class participant with helpful feedback and suggestions on the seminar paper.
Texts
Field Methods in Archaeology, by Thomas R. Hester, Harry J. Shafer, and Kenneth L. Feder, Mayfield Pub., 7th ed. 1997 (required).
Archaeological Survey, by James M. Collins and Brian L. Molyneaux, Alta Mira Press, 2003 (required).
Sampling in Archaeology, by Clive Orton, Cambridge University Press, 2000 (suggested).
The texts listed above are available at the University bookstores and can also be obtained from other vendors of your choosing (make sure you obtain the editions listed above).
Other required readings consist of short articles or text excerpts addressing the subjects of this course. These articles will be available online in the course web page I have created using the University's Compass program.
Additional Resources: The course page in the Compass system also provides a bibliography of additional print sources and a list of internet resources related to the subjects of archaeological surveying, spatial analysis of social relationships, and landscape analysis. These source lists should be helpful for students in choosing topics for their seminar papers and conducting research related to the course. Additional internet resources on anthropology and archaeology are available at:
http://www.anthro.uiuc.edu/faculty/cfennell/bookmark2.html.
Class Schedule and Readings:
Week 1. Jan. 24. Overview of Course & Introduction. Our course introduction will include a lecture and discussion on the multiple scales of past spatial interactions and related strategies for conducting archaeological surveys. Read Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 1-22. |
Week 2. Jan. 31. Spatial Models in Research Questions and Predictive Surveys. Read: Carol A. Smith, "Examining Stratification Systems through Peasant Marketing Arrangements: An Application of Some Models from Economic Geography," Man 10(1): 95-122 (1975); Pamela Cressey et al., "The Core-Periphery Relationship and the Archaeological Record in Alexandria, Virginia," in Archaeology of Urban America: The Search for Pattern and Process, edited by Roy S. Dickens, Jr., pp. 143-73 (New York: Academic Press 1982).
Scan: Philip L. Kohl, "The Use and Abuse of World Systems Theory: The Case of the Pristine West Asian State," in Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Volume 11, edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. 1-35 (New York: Academic Press 1987). |
Week 3. Feb. 7. Research Design and Sampling Techniques. Read Hester et al., Chapter 3, pp. 21-40; Hester et al., Chapter 4, pp. 41-52; Stephen Plog, "Relative Efficiencies of Sampling Techniques for Archaeological Surveys," in The Early Mesoamerican Village, edited by Kent Flannery, pp. 136-58 (New York: Academic Press 1976).
Scan Stephen Plog, Fred Plog, and Walter Wait, "Decision Making in Modern Surveys," in Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Volume 1, edited by Michael B. Schiffer, pp. 383-421 (New York: Academic Press 1978); Clive Orton, Sampling in Archaeology, pp. 1-39 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000). |
Week 4. Feb. 14. Surface and Subsurface Survey Techniques. Read Hester et al., Chapter 4, pp 53-59; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 35-75; Stephen A. Kowalewski, "Merits of Full-Coverage Survey: Examples from the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico," in The Archaeology of Regions: The Case for Full Coverage Survey, edited by Suzanne Fish and Stephen Kowalewski, pp. 33-83 (Washington, D.C., 1990); (note: while this week's readings may appear lengthy, these sources include extensive graphic illustrations). |
Week 5. Feb. 21. Remote Sensing Survey Techniques: From Satellites to Metal Detectors. Read Hester et al., Chapter 4, pp. 59-63; Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 177-80; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 77-97, 99-102; Michael Hargrave, Geophysical Investigations at the New Philadelphia Site, Pike County, Illinois, available online at http://www.anthro.uiuc.edu/faculty/cfennell/NP/geophysics.html.
Scan NASA, Remote Sensing Archaeology Research at NASA, available online at http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/archeology/; Martin Fowler, Satellite Remote Sensing and Archaeology, available online at http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mjff/; Aerial Archaeology Research Group, Introduction to Aerial Archaeology, available online at http://aarg.univie.ac.at/; Larry Conyers, Ground Penetrating Radar in Archaeology, available online at http://www.du.edu/~lconyer/; Michael Hargrave, Geophysics in Illinois Archaeology, available online at http://virtual.parkland.edu/ias/publications/geophysics/geophysics.html. |
Week 6. Feb. 28. Organizing a Surface Survey: Maps, Mapping, Transects, and Grids. Read Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 177-97; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 23-34; Eve Gregory, Plotting Old Virginia Land Patent and Deed Boundary Descriptions, available online at http://www.rootsweb.com/~vavfar/How2plt.html; Eve Gregory, The Old Compass, available online at http://www.rootsweb.com/~vavfar/compass.html; and Eve Gregory, Bearing Equivalent Table for the Old Compass, available online at http://www.rootsweb.com/~vavfar/bearing8.html.
Scan Illinois State Archives, Federal Township Plats of Illinois, 1804-1891, available online at http://landplats.ilsos.net/Flash/Welcome.html. |
Week 7. Mar. 7. GIS and Computer-Aided Mapping for Predictive and Descriptive Models. Read Hester et al., pp. 225-34; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 108-10; Richard B. Duncan and Kristen A. Beckman, "The Application of GIS Predictive Site Location Models within Pennsylvania and West Virginia," in Practical Applications of GIS for Archaeologists: A Predictive Modeling Toolkit, edited by Konnie L. Wescott and R. Joe Brandon, pp. 33-58 (London: Taylor & Francis 2000); Konnie L. Wescott and James A. Kuiper, "Using GIS to Model Prehistoric Site Distributions in the Upper Chesapeake Bay," in Practical Applications of GIS for Archaeologists: A Predictive Modeling Toolkit, edited by Konnie L. Wescott and R. Joe Brandon, pp. 59-72 (London: Taylor & Francis 2000).
Scan Martin D. Gallivan, Spatial Analaysis of John Smith's Map of Virginia, Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 13:145-60 (1997); Arch. Research Institute, Predictive Models and GIS, http://archaeology.asu.edu/vm/methodology/gis/gis.htm; Harrison Eiteljorg, II, Center for the Study of Architecture
"Introduction and Basic Matters," in CAD Guide for Archaeologists and Architectural Historians, available online at http://csanet.org/inftech/cadgd/cadgdone.html (providing examples of basic CAD illustration and modeling capabilities). |
Week 8. Mar. 14. Survey Applications. Mar. 14: Lab exercises in using GIS for predictive or interpretative modeling.
Deadline: Short essay due in class today, and each participant will present a short oral synopsis (5-10 minutes) of their essay in this class session. |
Week 9. Mar. 21-25. Spring Break! Classes do not meet. |
Week 10. Mar. 28. Survey Applications. Field exercises in using compass, transit, basic GPS, and submeter GPS.
Read Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 198-215; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 104-08; equipment operations manual excerpts. |
Week 11. Apr. 4. Survey Applications. Field exercises in using compass, transit, basic GPS, and submeter GPS.
Read Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 198-215; Collins & Molyneaux, pp. 104-08; equipment operations manual excerpts.
Deadline: An abstract and outline of your seminar paper project, with a list of key bibliographic references, is due in class today. |
Week 12. Apr. 11. Survey Applications. Field exercises in using a theodolite or total station.
Read Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 215-25; equipment operations manual excerpts. |
Week 13. Apr. 18. Survey Applications // Presentations. Field exercises in using a theodolite or total station.
Read Hester et al., Chapter 9, pp. 215-25; equipment operations manual excerpts.
Start of Workshop presentations of research projects. |
Week 14. Apr. 25. Presentations. Workshop presentations of research projects. |
Week 15. May 2. Presentations. Workshop presentations of research projects. |
Final Seminar Paper.
The final seminar paper is due by 5:00 pm on May 6, 2005, which is the first day of the final examination period as scheduled by the University. |
Last updated: February 12, 2005
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